Direct Collapse

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Direct Collapse

"Giuseppe Lodato published a series of papers explaining how dense primordial gas clouds (essentially protogalaxies) in the early universe could have collapsed to form seed black holes with masses of 1,000 to 100,000 Suns. Normally, such clouds would have fragmented during the collapse process to form a multitude  of massive stars instead of a single black hole. But under certain rare conditions, a few clouds could have collapsed to form extremely black holes."

Astronomy Magazine March 2021 "How to Grow a Giant Black Hole" pp. 16-23